with logic and dates

I want to use the class to evaluate TRUE/FALSE expressions and deal with dates, so I've taken the liberty of adding that.

I had to add the logic operators (>,<,=,!) to the list of allowed characters (could be a security risk somehow, though I don't think so?). As operators can only be single character, I internally replace >= and <= with ` and ~ so they work too.

In addition to allowing logic operators (which return 1 or 0) I have inserted the following user-defined functions by default:
if(expr, true, false)
or(expr, expr)
and(expr, expr)
not(expr)

The date() function converts to UNIX-style timestamp (assuming UTC), with 5 arguments (year, month, day, hour, minute). Would be nice to deal with time-zones, but would need a numerical representation of them, as the class does not cope with strings.

I also fixed (or at least cheated) the bug in the ->last() method of EvalMathStack

Here it is (php classes please tell me or adjust if you want this posted another way):

<pre>
<?

/*
================================================================================

EvalMath - PHP Class to safely evaluate math expressions
Copyright (C) 2005 Miles Kaufmann <http://www.twmagic.com/>

================================================================================

NAME
EvalMath - safely evaluate math expressions

SYNOPSIS
<?
include('evalmath.class.php');
$m = new EvalMath;
// basic evaluation:
$result = $m->evaluate('2+2');
// supports: order of operation; parentheses; negation; built-in functions
$result = $m->evaluate('-8(5/2)^2*(1-sqrt(4))-8');
// create your own variables
$m->evaluate('a = e^(ln(pi))');
// or functions
$m->evaluate('f(x,y) = x^2 + y^2 - 2x*y + 1');
// and then use them
$result = $m->evaluate('3*f(42,a)');
?>

DESCRIPTION
Use the EvalMath class when you want to evaluate mathematical expressions
from untrusted sources. You can define your own variables and functions,
which are stored in the object. Try it, it's fun!

METHODS
$m->evalute($expr)
Evaluates the expression and returns the result. If an error occurs,
prints a warning and returns false. If $expr is a function assignment,
returns true on success.

$m->e($expr)
A synonym for $m->evaluate().

$m->vars()
Returns an associative array of all user-defined variables and values.

$m->funcs()
Returns an array of all user-defined functions.

PARAMETERS
$m->suppress_errors
Set to true to turn off warnings when evaluating expressions

$m->last_error
If the last evaluation failed, contains a string describing the error.
(Useful when suppress_errors is on).

BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
the following mathematical functions can be called within the expression:
sin(n), sinh(n), arcsin(n), asin(n), arcsinh(n), asinh(n),
cos(n), cosh(n), arccos(n), acos(n), arccosh(n), acosh(n),
tan(n), tanh(n), arctan(n), atan(n), arctanh(n), atanh(n),
sqrt(n), abs(n), ln(n), log(n)
the following logical functions have also been defined
if(a,b,c) - a is a logical expression, b returned if true, c if false
or(a,b)
and(a,b)
not(a)
the date(y,m,d,h,m) returns a timestamp in unix format (seconds since 1970)
by utilising php's strtotime() function on "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:00 UTC"

AUTHOR INFORMATION
Copyright 2005, Miles Kaufmann.

LICENSE
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:

1 Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

*/

class EvalMath {

var $suppress_errors = false;
var $last_error = null;

var $v = array('e'=>2.71,'pi'=>3.14); // variables (and constants)
var $f = array(); // user-defined functions
var $vb = array('e', 'pi'); // constants
var $fb = array( // built-in functions
'sin','sinh','arcsin','asin','arcsinh','asinh',
'cos','cosh','arccos','acos','arccosh','acosh',
'tan','tanh','arctan','atan','arctanh','atanh',
'sqrt','abs','ln','log','date');

function EvalMath() {
// make the variables a little more accurate
$this->v['pi'] = pi();
$this->v['e'] = exp(1);

// create logical functions (by defining as if user-defined)
$this->evaluate('if(x,y,z) = (x*y)+((1-x)*z)');
$this->evaluate('and(x,y) = x&y');
$this->evaluate('or(x,y) = x|y');
$this->evaluate('not(x) = 1!x');

}

function e($expr) {
return $this->evaluate($expr);
}

function evaluate($expr) {
$this->last_error = null;
$expr = trim($expr);
$expr = str_replace(">=", "`", $expr); // because the operators cannot by made up of 2 characters, use a temporary code
$expr = str_replace("<=", "~", $expr); // ">=" replaced by "`", "<=" replaced by "~"

if (substr($expr, -1, 1) == ';') $expr = substr($expr, 0, strlen($expr)-1); // strip semicolons at the end
//===============
// is it a variable assignment?
if (preg_match('/^\s*([a-z]\w*)\s*=\s*(.+)$/', $expr, $matches)) {
if (in_array($matches[1], $this->vb)) { // make sure we're not assigning to a constant
return $this->trigger("cannot assign to constant '$matches[1]'");
}
if (($tmp = $this->pfx($this->nfx($matches[2]))) === false) return false; // get the result and make sure it's good
$this->v[$matches[1]] = $tmp; // if so, stick it in the variable array
return $this->v[$matches[1]]; // and return the resulting value
//===============
// is it a function assignment?
} elseif (preg_match('/^\s*([a-z]\w*)\s*\(\s*([a-z]\w*(?:\s*,\s*[a-z]\w*)*)\s*\)\s*=\s*(.+)$/', $expr, $matches)) {
$fnn = $matches[1]; // get the function name
if (in_array($matches[1], $this->fb)) { // make sure it isn't built in
return $this->trigger("cannot redefine built-in function '$matches[1]()'");
}
$args = explode(",", preg_replace("/\s+/", "", $matches[2])); // get the arguments
if (($stack = $this->nfx($matches[3])) === false) return false; // see if it can be converted to postfix
for ($i = 0; $i<count($stack); $i++) { // freeze the state of the non-argument variables
$token = $stack[$i];
if (preg_match('/^[a-z]\w*$/', $token) and !in_array($token, $args)) {
if (array_key_exists($token, $this->v)) {
$stack[$i] = $this->v[$token];
} else {
return $this->trigger("undefined variable '$token' in function definition");
}
}
}
$this->f[$fnn] = array('args'=>$args, 'func'=>$stack);
return true;
//===============
} else {
return $this->pfx($this->nfx($expr)); // straight up evaluation, woo
}
}

function vars() {
$output = $this->v;
unset($output['pi']);
unset($output['e']);
return $output;
}

function funcs() {
$output = array();
foreach ($this->f as $fnn=>$dat)
$output[] = $fnn . '(' . implode(',', $dat['args']) . ')';
return $output;
}

//===================== HERE BE INTERNAL METHODS ====================\\

// Convert infix to postfix notation
function nfx($expr) {

$index = 0;
$stack = new EvalMathStack;
$output = array(); // postfix form of expression, to be passed to pfx()
$expr = trim(strtolower($expr));

$ops = array('+', '-', '*', '/', '^', '_', '=', '<', '>', '!', '&', '|', "`", "~"); // "`" is ">=" and "~" is "<="
$ops_r = array('+'=>0,'-'=>0,'*'=>0,'/'=>0,'^'=>1, '='=>0, '<'=>0, '>'=>0, '!'=>0, '&'=>0, '|'=>0, '`'=>0, '~'=>0); // right-associative operator?
$ops_p = array('+'=>1,'-'=>1,'*'=>2,'/'=>2,'_'=>2,'^'=>3,'='=>0,'<'=>0,'>'=>0, '!'=>0, '&'=>0, '|'=>0, '`'=>0, '~'=>0); // operator precedence

$expecting_op = false; // we use this in syntax-checking the expression
// and determining when a - is a negation

if (preg_match("/[^\w\s><=!&|+*^\/()\.,-]/", $expr, $matches)) { // make sure the characters are all good
return $this->trigger("illegal character '{$matches[0]}'");
}

while(1) { // 1 Infinite Loop ;)
$op = substr($expr, $index, 1); // get the first character at the current index
// find out if we're currently at the beginning of a number/variable/function/parenthesis/operand
$ex = preg_match('/^([a-z]\w*\(?|\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+|\()/', substr($expr, $index), $match);
//===============
if ($op == '-' and !$expecting_op) { // is it a negation instead of a minus?
$stack->push('_'); // put a negation on the stack
$index++;
} elseif ($op == '_') { // we have to explicitly deny this, because it's legal on the stack
return $this->trigger("illegal character '_'"); // but not in the input expression
//===============
} elseif ((in_array($op, $ops) or $ex) and $expecting_op) { // are we putting an operator on the stack?
if ($ex) { // are we expecting an operator but have a number/variable/function/opening parethesis?
$op = '*'; $index--; // it's an implicit multiplication
}
// heart of the algorithm:
while($stack->count > 0 and ($o2 = $stack->last()) and in_array($o2, $ops) and ($ops_r[$op] ? $ops_p[$op] < $ops_p[$o2] : $ops_p[$op] <= $ops_p[$o2])) {
$output[] = $stack->pop(); // pop stuff off the stack into the output
}
// many thanks: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation#The_algorithm_in_detail
$stack->push($op); // finally put OUR operator onto the stack
$index++;
$expecting_op = false;
//===============
} elseif ($op == ')' and $expecting_op) { // ready to close a parenthesis?
while (($o2 = $stack->pop()) != '(') { // pop off the stack back to the last (
if (is_null($o2)) return $this->trigger("unexpected ')'");
else $output[] = $o2;
}
if (preg_match("/^([a-z]\w*)\($/", $stack->last(2), $matches)) { // did we just close a function?
$fnn = $matches[1]; // get the function name
$arg_count = $stack->pop(); // see how many arguments there were (cleverly stored on the stack, thank you)
$output[] = $stack->pop(); // pop the function and push onto the output
if (in_array($fnn, $this->fb)) { // check the argument count
if ($fnn=='date') {
if($arg_count != 5) {
return $this->trigger("wrong number of arguments ($arg_count given, 5 expected)");
}
} else {
if($arg_count > 1) {
return $this->trigger("too many arguments ($arg_count given, 1 expected)");
}
}
} elseif (array_key_exists($fnn, $this->f)) {
if ($arg_count != count($this->f[$fnn]['args']))
return $this->trigger("wrong number of arguments ($arg_count given, " . count($this->f[$fnn]['args']) . " expected)");
} else { // did we somehow push a non-function on the stack? this should never happen
return $this->trigger("internal error");
}
}
$index++;
//===============
} elseif ($op == ',' and $expecting_op) { // did we just finish a function argument?
while (($o2 = $stack->pop()) != '(') {
if (is_null($o2)) return $this->trigger("unexpected ','"); // oops, never had a (
else $output[] = $o2; // pop the argument expression stuff and push onto the output
}
// make sure there was a function
if (!preg_match("/^([a-z]\w*)\($/", $stack->last(2), $matches))
return $this->trigger("unexpected ','");
$stack->push($stack->pop()+1); // increment the argument count
$stack->push('('); // put the ( back on, we'll need to pop back to it again
$index++;
$expecting_op = false;
//===============
} elseif ($op == '(' and !$expecting_op) {
$stack->push('('); // that was easy
$index++;
$allow_neg = true;
//===============
} elseif ($ex and !$expecting_op) { // do we now have a function/variable/number?
$expecting_op = true;
$val = $match[1];
if (preg_match("/^([a-z]\w*)\($/", $val, $matches)) { // may be func, or variable w/ implicit multiplication against parentheses...
if (in_array($matches[1], $this->fb) or array_key_exists($matches[1], $this->f)) { // it's a func
$stack->push($val);
$stack->push(1);
$stack->push('(');
$expecting_op = false;
} else { // it's a var w/ implicit multiplication
$val = $matches[1];
$output[] = $val;
}
} else { // it's a plain old var or num
$output[] = $val;
}
$index += strlen($val);
//===============
} elseif ($op == ')') { // miscellaneous error checking
return $this->trigger("unexpected ')'");
} elseif (in_array($op, $ops) and !$expecting_op) {
return $this->trigger("unexpected operator '$op'");
} else { // I don't even want to know what you did to get here
return $this->trigger("an unexpected error occured");
}
if ($index == strlen($expr)) {
if (in_array($op, $ops)) { // did we end with an operator? bad.
return $this->trigger("operator '$op' lacks operand");
} else {
break;
}
}
while (substr($expr, $index, 1) == ' ') { // step the index past whitespace (pretty much turns whitespace
$index++; // into implicit multiplication if no operator is there)
}

}
while (!is_null($op = $stack->pop())) { // pop everything off the stack and push onto output
if ($op == '(') return $this->trigger("expecting ')'"); // if there are (s on the stack, ()s were unbalanced
$output[] = $op;
}
return $output;
}

// evaluate postfix notation
function pfx($tokens, $vars = array()) {

if ($tokens == false) return false;

$stack = new EvalMathStack;

foreach ($tokens as $token) { // nice and easy
// if the token is a binary operator, pop two values off the stack, do the operation, and push the result back on
if (in_array($token, array('+', '-', '*', '/', '^', '=', '<', '>', '!', '&', '|', "`", "~"))) {
if (is_null($op2 = $stack->pop())) return $this->trigger("internal error");
if (is_null($op1 = $stack->pop())) return $this->trigger("internal error");
switch ($token) {
case '+':
$stack->push($op1+$op2); break;
case '-':
$stack->push($op1-$op2); break;
case '*':
$stack->push($op1*$op2); break;
case '/':
if ($op2 == 0) return $this->trigger("division by zero");
$stack->push($op1/$op2); break;
case '^':
$stack->push(pow($op1, $op2)); break;
case '=':
if ($op1==$op2) {
$stack->push(1); break;
} else {
$stack->push(0); break;
}
case '>':
if ($op1>$op2) {
$stack->push(1); break;
} else {
$stack->push(0); break;
}
case '<':
if ($op1<$op2) {
$stack->push(1); break;
} else {
$stack->push(0); break;
}
case '!':
if ($op1!=$op2) {
$stack->push(1); break;
} else {
$stack->push(0); break;
}
case '&':
if (($op1==1) && ($op2==1)) {
$stack->push(1); break;
} else {
$stack->push(0); break;
}
case '|':
if (($op1==1) || ($op2==1)) {
$stack->push(1); break;
} else {
$stack->push(0); break;
}
case '`':
if ($op1>=$op2) {
$stack->push(1); break;
} else {
$stack->push(0); break;
}
case '~':
if ($op1<=$op2) {
$stack->push(1); break;
} else {
$stack->push(0); break;
}
}
// if the token is a unary operator, pop one value off the stack, do the operation, and push it back on
} elseif ($token == "_") {
$stack->push(-1*$stack->pop());
// if the token is a function, pop arguments off the stack, hand them to the function, and push the result back on
} elseif (preg_match("/^([a-z]\w*)\($/", $token, $matches)) { // it's a function!
$fnn = $matches[1];
if (in_array($fnn, $this->fb)) { // built-in function:
if ($fnn=="date") {
$mins=$stack->pop();
$hrs=$stack->pop();
$dys=$stack->pop();
$mnths=$stack->pop();
$yrs=$stack->pop();
$dtstr=sprintf("%04d",$yrs)."-".sprintf("%02d",$mnths)."-".sprintf("%02d",$dys)." ".sprintf("%02d",$hrs).":".sprintf("%02d",$mins).":00 UTC";
eval('$stack->push(strtotime("'.$dtstr.'"));'); // perfectly safe eval()
} else {
if (is_null($op1 = $stack->pop())) return $this->trigger("internal error");
$fnn = preg_replace("/^arc/", "a", $fnn); // for the 'arc' trig synonyms
if ($fnn == 'ln') {
$fnn = 'log';
}
eval('$stack->push(' . $fnn . '($op1));'); // perfectly safe eval()
}
} elseif (array_key_exists($fnn, $this->f)) { // user function
// get args
$args = array();
for ($i = count($this->f[$fnn]['args'])-1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
if (is_null($args[$this->f[$fnn]['args'][$i]] = $stack->pop())) return $this->trigger("internal error");
}
$stack->push($this->pfx($this->f[$fnn]['func'], $args)); // yay... recursion!!!!
}
// if the token is a number or variable, push it on the stack
} else {
if (is_numeric($token)) {
$stack->push($token);
} elseif (array_key_exists($token, $this->v)) {
$stack->push($this->v[$token]);
} elseif (array_key_exists($token, $vars)) {
$stack->push($vars[$token]);
} else {
return $this->trigger("undefined variable '$token'");
}
}
}
// when we're out of tokens, the stack should have a single element, the final result
if ($stack->count != 1) return $this->trigger("internal error");
return $stack->pop();
}

// trigger an error, but nicely, if need be
function trigger($msg) {
$this->last_error = $msg;
if (!$this->suppress_errors) trigger_error($msg, E_USER_WARNING);
return false;
}
}

// for internal use
class EvalMathStack {

var $stack = array();
var $count = 0;

function push($val) {
$this->stack[$this->count] = $val;
$this->count++;
}

function pop() {
if ($this->count > 0) {
$this->count--;
return $this->stack[$this->count];
}
return null;
}

function last($n=1) {
if ($this->count<$n) {
return $this->stack[0];
} else {
return $this->stack[$this->count-$n];
}
}
}
</pre>

sorry, please correct the regexp at the beginning of the ->nfx() method to:

if (preg_match("/[^\w\s><=!&|+`~*^\/()\.,-]/", $expr, $matches)) { // make sure the characters are all good
return $this->trigger("illegal character '{$matches[0]}'");
}