<?php
/**
* @package Whisppa
* @subpackage Misc
* @license http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT MIT License
* @author Stefan (frostymarvelous) Froelich <sfroelich@gmail.com>
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2015, Stefan (frostymarvelous) Froelich
*/
namespace Whisppa\Misc;
/**
* This class allows you to convert from Roman numerals to natural numbers and vice versa.
* I decided to do this as a fun challenge after reading http://thedailywtf.com/articles/Roman-Enumeration
* Took me about 30 minutes to come up with, research and code the solution.
* It can convert numbers up to 3,999,999 because I couldn't find any numerals for 5,000,000 above.
* Due to my inability to get the correct accented characters 5000 above, I resulted to using the pipe (|) to represent accent.
*/
class Numeralo
{
/**
* @var string[] A notation map to represent the common Roman numeral values.
* @static
*/
protected static $NOTATION =
[
'|', //one
'[', //five
']', //ten
];
/**
* @var \ArrayObject[] A map of Roman numerals based on place value. Each item ends with the first numeral in the next place value.
* @static
*/
protected static $NUMERALS_BY_PLACE_VALUE =
[
['I', 'V', 'X',], //ones
['X', 'L', 'C',], //tens
['C', 'D', 'M',], // hundreds
['M', 'V|', 'X|',], //thousands
['X|', 'L|', 'C|',], //tens of thousands
['C|', 'D|', 'M|',], //hundreds of thousands
['M|', '~', '~',], // millions. there are no values for the last two that I could find
];
/**
* @var string[] sA map of numbers and their representative Roman numerals in notation format. This map allows us to make any numeral by replacing the the notation with the place value equivalent.
* @static
*/
protected static $NUMBER_TO_NOTATION =
[
'0' => '',
'1' => '|',
'2' => '||',
'3' => '|||',
'4' => '|[',
'5' => '[',
'6' => '[|',
'7' => '[||',
'8' => '[|||',
'9' => '|]',
];
/**
* @var int[] A map of the major Roman numerals and the number equivalent.
* @static
*/
protected static $NUMERALS_TO_NUMBER =
[
'I' => 1,
'V' => 5,
'X' => 10,
'L' => 50,
'C' => 100,
'D' => 500,
'M' => 1000,
'V|' => 5000,
'X|' => 10000,
'L|' => 50000,
'C|' => 100000,
'D|' => 500000,
'M|' => 1000000,
];
/**
* Converts natural numbers to Roman numerals.
*
* @static
* @param int|string $number a number or numeric string less than 3,999,999
* @throws \InvalidArgumentException if the provided $number argument is not numeric or greater than 3,999,999.
* @return string Roman numeral equivalent
*/
public static function number_to_numerals($number) {
if(!is_numeric($number))
throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Only numbers allowed');
if($number > 3999999)
throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Number cannot be greater than 3,999,999');
//floats are not supported
$number = (int) $number;
$numerals = '';
$number_string = strrev((string) $number);
$length = strlen($number_string);
for($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
$char = $number_string[$i];
$num_map = self::$NUMERALS_BY_PLACE_VALUE[$i];
$numerals = str_replace(self::$NOTATION, $num_map, self::$NUMBER_TO_NOTATION[$char]) . $numerals;
}
return $numerals;
}
/**
* Converts Roman numerals to natural numbers.
*
* @static
* @param string $numerals the Roman numerals to be converted
* @throws \InvalidArgumentException if the provided $numerals argument contains invalid characters.
* @return int the equivalent number
*/
public static function numerals_to_number($numerals) {
$number = 0;
$numeral_string = strrev((string) $numerals);
$length = strlen($numeral_string);
$prev_number = false;
$is_accented = false;
for($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
$char = $numeral_string[$i];
if($char == '|') //check if it is an accent character
{
$is_accented = true;
continue;//skip this iteration and process it in the next one as the accent applies to the next char
}
else if($is_accented)
{
$char .= '|';
$is_accented = false;
}
//TODO Make a check using maybe regex at the beginning of the method.
if(!isset(self::$NUMERALS_TO_NUMBER[$char]))
throw new \InvalidArgumentException("Invalid character '{$char}' in numeral string");
$num = self::$NUMERALS_TO_NUMBER[$char];
//this is where the magic happens
//if the previous number divided by 5 or 10 is equal to the current number, then we subtract eg. 9 = IX. I = 1, X = 10, 10/10 = 1
if($prev_number)
{
if(($prev_number / 5) == $num || ($prev_number / 10) == $num)
$number -= $num;
else
$number += $num;
}
else
$number += $num;
$prev_number = $num;
}
return $number;
}
}
|
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