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File: includes/url_to_absolute.php
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Description: url_to_absolute.php
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<?php
/**
 * Edited by Nitin Kr. Gupta, publicmind.in
 */

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2008, David R. Nadeau, NadeauSoftware.com.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
 *     with the distribution.
 *
 *   * Neither the names of David R. Nadeau or NadeauSoftware.com, nor
 *     the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
 *     products derived from this software without specific prior
 *     written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
 * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY
 * WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
 * OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * This is a BSD License approved by the Open Source Initiative (OSI).
 * See:  http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
 */

/**
 * Combine a base URL and a relative URL to produce a new
 * absolute URL.  The base URL is often the URL of a page,
 * and the relative URL is a URL embedded on that page.
 *
 * This function implements the "absolutize" algorithm from
 * the RFC3986 specification for URLs.
 *
 * This function supports multi-byte characters with the UTF-8 encoding,
 * per the URL specification.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *    baseUrl      the absolute base URL.
 *
 *    url      the relative URL to convert.
 *
 * Return values:
 *    An absolute URL that combines parts of the base and relative
 *    URLs, or FALSE if the base URL is not absolute or if either
 *    URL cannot be parsed.
 */
function url_to_absolute($baseUrl, $relativeUrl)
{
    // If relative URL has a scheme, clean path and return.
    $r = split_url($relativeUrl);
    if ($r === FALSE)
    {
        return FALSE;
    }
    if (! empty($r['scheme']))
    {
        if (! empty($r['path']) && $r['path'][0] == '/')
        {
            $r['path'] = url_remove_dot_segments($r['path']);
        }

        return join_url($r);
    }

    // Make sure the base URL is absolute.
    $b = split_url($baseUrl);
    if ($b === FALSE || empty($b['scheme']) || empty($b['host']))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }
    $r['scheme'] = $b['scheme'];

    // If relative URL has an authority, clean path and return.
    if (isset($r['host']))
    {
        if (! empty($r['path']))
        {
            $r['path'] = url_remove_dot_segments($r['path']);
        }

        return join_url($r);
    }
    unset($r['port']);
    unset($r['user']);
    unset($r['pass']);

    // Copy base authority.
    $r['host'] = $b['host'];
    if (isset($b['port']))
    {
        $r['port'] = $b['port'];
    }
    if (isset($b['user']))
    {
        $r['user'] = $b['user'];
    }
    if (isset($b['pass']))
    {
        $r['pass'] = $b['pass'];
    }

    // If relative URL has no path, use base path
    if (empty($r['path']))
    {
        if (! empty($b['path']))
        {
            $r['path'] = $b['path'];
        }
        if (! isset($r['query']) && isset($b['query']))
        {
            $r['query'] = $b['query'];
        }

        return join_url($r);
    }

    // If relative URL path doesn't start with /, merge with base path
    if (isset($b['path']) && $r['path'][0] != '/')
    {
        $base = mb_strrchr($b['path'], '/', TRUE, 'UTF-8');
        if ($base === FALSE)
        {
            $base = '';
        }
        $r['path'] = $base . '/' . $r['path'];
    }
    $r['path'] = url_remove_dot_segments($r['path']);

    return join_url($r);
}

/**
 * Filter out "." and ".." segments from a URL's path and return
 * the result.
 *
 * This function implements the "remove_dot_segments" algorithm from
 * the RFC3986 specification for URLs.
 *
 * This function supports multi-byte characters with the UTF-8 encoding,
 * per the URL specification.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *    path   the path to filter
 *
 * Return values:
 *    The filtered path with "." and ".." removed.
 */
function url_remove_dot_segments($path)
{
    // multi-byte character explode
    $inSegs = preg_split('!/!u', $path);
    $outSegs = array();
    foreach ($inSegs as $seg)
    {
        if ($seg == '' || $seg == '.')
        {
            continue;
        }
        if ($seg == '..')
        {
            array_pop($outSegs);
        }
        else
        {
            array_push($outSegs, $seg);
        }
    }
    $outPath = implode('/', $outSegs);
    if ($path[0] == '/')
    {
        $outPath = '/' . $outPath;
    }
    // compare last multi-byte character against '/'
    if ($outPath != '/' &&
       (mb_strlen($path) - 1) == mb_strrpos($path, '/', 'UTF-8')
    )
    {
        $outPath .= '/';
    }

    return $outPath;
}

/**
 * This function parses an absolute or relative URL and splits it
 * into individual components.
 *
 * RFC3986 specifies the components of a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).
 * A portion of the ABNFs are repeated here:
 *
 *   URI-reference   = URI
 *         / relative-ref
 *
 *   URI      = scheme ":" hier-part [ "?" query ] [ "#" fragment ]
 *
 *   relative-ref   = relative-part [ "?" query ] [ "#" fragment ]
 *
 *   hier-part   = "//" authority path-abempty
 *         / path-absolute
 *         / path-rootless
 *         / path-empty
 *
 *   relative-part   = "//" authority path-abempty
 *         / path-absolute
 *         / path-noscheme
 *         / path-empty
 *
 *   authority   = [ userinfo "@" ] host [ ":" port ]
 *
 * So, a URL has the following major components:
 *
 *   scheme
 *      The name of a method used to interpret the rest of
 *      the URL.  Examples:  "http", "https", "mailto", "file'.
 *
 *   authority
 *      The name of the authority governing the URL's name
 *      space.  Examples:  "example.com", "user@example.com",
 *      "example.com:80", "user:password@example.com:80".
 *
 *      The authority may include a host name, port number,
 *      user name, and password.
 *
 *      The host may be a name, an IPv4 numeric address, or
 *      an IPv6 numeric address.
 *
 *   path
 *      The hierarchical path to the URL's resource.
 *      Examples:  "/index.htm", "/scripts/page.php".
 *
 *   query
 *      The data for a query.  Examples:  "?search=google.com".
 *
 *   fragment
 *      The name of a secondary resource relative to that named
 *      by the path.  Examples:  "#section1", "#header".
 *
 * An "absolute" URL must include a scheme and path.  The authority, query,
 * and fragment components are optional.
 *
 * A "relative" URL does not include a scheme and must include a path.  The
 * authority, query, and fragment components are optional.
 *
 * This function splits the $url argument into the following components
 * and returns them in an associative array.  Keys to that array include:
 *
 *   "scheme"   The scheme, such as "http".
 *   "host"      The host name, IPv4, or IPv6 address.
 *   "port"      The port number.
 *   "user"      The user name.
 *   "pass"      The user password.
 *   "path"      The path, such as a file path for "http".
 *   "query"      The query.
 *   "fragment"   The fragment.
 *
 * One or more of these may not be present, depending upon the URL.
 *
 * Optionally, the "user", "pass", "host" (if a name, not an IP address),
 * "path", "query", and "fragment" may have percent-encoded characters
 * decoded.  The "scheme" and "port" cannot include percent-encoded
 * characters and are never decoded.  Decoding occurs after the URL has
 * been parsed.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *    url      the URL to parse.
 *
 *    decode      an optional boolean flag selecting whether
 *          to decode percent encoding or not.  Default = TRUE.
 *
 * Return values:
 *    the associative array of URL parts, or FALSE if the URL is
 *    too malformed to recognize any parts.
 */
function split_url($url, $decode = FALSE)
{
    $parts = array();

    // Character sets from RFC3986.
    $xunressub = 'a-zA-Z\d\-._~\!$&\'()*+,;=';
    $xpchar = $xunressub . ':@% ';

    // Scheme from RFC3986.
    $xscheme = '([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z\d+-.]*)';

    // User info (user + password) from RFC3986.
    $xuserinfo = '(([' . $xunressub . '%]*)' .
       '(:([' . $xunressub . ':%]*))?)';

    // IPv4 from RFC3986 (without digit constraints).
    $xipv4 = '(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})';

    // IPv6 from RFC2732 (without digit and grouping constraints).
    $xipv6 = '(\[([a-fA-F\d.:]+)\])';

    // Host name from RFC1035.  Technically, must start with a letter.
    // Relax that restriction to better parse URL structure, then
    // leave host name validation to application.
    $xhost_name = '([a-zA-Z\d-.%]+)';

    // Authority from RFC3986.  Skip IP future.
    $xhost = '(' . $xhost_name . '|' . $xipv4 . '|' . $xipv6 . ')';
    $xport = '(\d*)';
    $xauthority = '((' . $xuserinfo . '@)?' . $xhost .
       '?(:' . $xport . ')?)';

    // Path from RFC3986.  Blend absolute & relative for efficiency.
    $xslash_seg = '(/[' . $xpchar . ']*)';
    $xpath_authabs = '((//' . $xauthority . ')((/[' . $xpchar . ']*)*))';
    $xpath_rel = '([' . $xpchar . ']+' . $xslash_seg . '*)';
    $xpath_abs = '(/(' . $xpath_rel . ')?)';
    $xapath = '(' . $xpath_authabs . '|' . $xpath_abs .
       '|' . $xpath_rel . ')';

    // Query and fragment from RFC3986.
    $xqueryfrag = '([' . $xpchar . '/?' . ']*)';

    // URL.
    $xurl = '^(' . $xscheme . ':)?' . $xapath . '?' .
       '(\?' . $xqueryfrag . ')?(#' . $xqueryfrag . ')?$';

    // Split the URL into components.
    if (! preg_match('!' . $xurl . '!', $url, $m))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    if (! empty($m[2]))
    {
        $parts['scheme'] = strtolower($m[2]);
    }

    if (! empty($m[7]))
    {
        if (isset($m[9]))
        {
            $parts['user'] = $m[9];
        }
        else
        {
            $parts['user'] = '';
        }
    }
    if (! empty($m[10]))
    {
        $parts['pass'] = $m[11];
    }

    if (! empty($m[13]))
    {
        $h = $parts['host'] = $m[13];
    }
    else
    {
        if (! empty($m[14]))
        {
            $parts['host'] = $m[14];
        }
        else
        {
            if (! empty($m[16]))
            {
                $parts['host'] = $m[16];
            }
            else
            {
                if (! empty($m[5]))
                {
                    $parts['host'] = '';
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (! empty($m[17]))
    {
        $parts['port'] = $m[18];
    }

    if (! empty($m[19]))
    {
        $parts['path'] = $m[19];
    }
    else
    {
        if (! empty($m[21]))
        {
            $parts['path'] = $m[21];
        }
        else
        {
            if (! empty($m[25]))
            {
                $parts['path'] = $m[25];
            }
        }
    }

    if (! empty($m[27]))
    {
        $parts['query'] = $m[28];
    }
    if (! empty($m[29]))
    {
        $parts['fragment'] = $m[30];
    }

    if (! $decode)
    {
        return $parts;
    }
    if (! empty($parts['user']))
    {
        $parts['user'] = rawurldecode($parts['user']);
    }
    if (! empty($parts['pass']))
    {
        $parts['pass'] = rawurldecode($parts['pass']);
    }
    if (! empty($parts['path']))
    {
        $parts['path'] = rawurldecode($parts['path']);
    }
    if (isset($h))
    {
        $parts['host'] = rawurldecode($parts['host']);
    }
    if (! empty($parts['query']))
    {
        $parts['query'] = rawurldecode($parts['query']);
    }
    if (! empty($parts['fragment']))
    {
        $parts['fragment'] = rawurldecode($parts['fragment']);
    }

    return $parts;
}

/**
 * This function joins together URL components to form a complete URL.
 *
 * RFC3986 specifies the components of a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).
 * This function implements the specification's "component recomposition"
 * algorithm for combining URI components into a full URI string.
 *
 * The $parts argument is an associative array containing zero or
 * more of the following:
 *
 *   "scheme"   The scheme, such as "http".
 *   "host"      The host name, IPv4, or IPv6 address.
 *   "port"      The port number.
 *   "user"      The user name.
 *   "pass"      The user password.
 *   "path"      The path, such as a file path for "http".
 *   "query"      The query.
 *   "fragment"   The fragment.
 *
 * The "port", "user", and "pass" values are only used when a "host"
 * is present.
 *
 * The optional $encode argument indicates if appropriate URL components
 * should be percent-encoded as they are assembled into the URL.  Encoding
 * is only applied to the "user", "pass", "host" (if a host name, not an
 * IP address), "path", "query", and "fragment" components.  The "scheme"
 * and "port" are never encoded.  When a "scheme" and "host" are both
 * present, the "path" is presumed to be hierarchical and encoding
 * processes each segment of the hierarchy separately (i.e., the slashes
 * are left alone).
 *
 * The assembled URL string is returned.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *    parts      an associative array of strings containing the
 *          individual parts of a URL.
 *
 *    encode      an optional boolean flag selecting whether
 *          to do percent encoding or not.  Default = true.
 *
 * Return values:
 *    Returns the assembled URL string.  The string is an absolute
 *    URL if a scheme is supplied, and a relative URL if not.  An
 *    empty string is returned if the $parts array does not contain
 *    any of the needed values.
 */
function join_url($parts, $encode = FALSE)
{
    if ($encode)
    {
        if (isset($parts['user']))
        {
            $parts['user'] = rawurlencode($parts['user']);
        }
        if (isset($parts['pass']))
        {
            $parts['pass'] = rawurlencode($parts['pass']);
        }
        if (isset($parts['host']) &&
           ! preg_match('!^(\[[\da-f.:]+\]])|([\da-f.:]+)$!ui', $parts['host'])
        )
        {
            $parts['host'] = rawurlencode($parts['host']);
        }
        if (! empty($parts['path']))
        {
            $parts['path'] = preg_replace(
                '!%2F!ui',
                '/',
                rawurlencode($parts['path'])
            );
        }
        if (isset($parts['query']))
        {
            $parts['query'] = rawurlencode($parts['query']);
        }
        if (isset($parts['fragment']))
        {
            $parts['fragment'] = rawurlencode($parts['fragment']);
        }
    }

    $url = '';
    if (! empty($parts['scheme']))
    {
        $url .= $parts['scheme'] . ':';
    }
    if (isset($parts['host']))
    {
        $url .= '//';
        if (isset($parts['user']))
        {
            $url .= $parts['user'];
            if (isset($parts['pass']))
            {
                $url .= ':' . $parts['pass'];
            }
            $url .= '@';
        }
        if (preg_match('!^[\da-f]*:[\da-f.:]+$!ui', $parts['host']))
        {
            $url .= '[' . $parts['host'] . ']';
        } // IPv6
        else
        {
            $url .= $parts['host'];
        } // IPv4 or name
        if (isset($parts['port']))
        {
            $url .= ':' . $parts['port'];
        }
        if (! empty($parts['path']) && $parts['path'][0] != '/')
        {
            $url .= '/';
        }
    }
    if (! empty($parts['path']))
    {
        $url .= $parts['path'];
    }
    if (isset($parts['query']))
    {
        $url .= '?' . $parts['query'];
    }
    if (isset($parts['fragment']))
    {
        $url .= '#' . $parts['fragment'];
    }

    return $url;
}

/**
 * This function encodes URL to form a URL which is properly
 * percent encoded to replace disallowed characters.
 *
 * RFC3986 specifies the allowed characters in the URL as well as
 * reserved characters in the URL. This function replaces all the
 * disallowed characters in the URL with their repective percent
 * encodings. Already encoded characters are not encoded again,
 * such as '%20' is not encoded to '%2520'.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *    url      the url to encode.
 *
 * Return values:
 *    Returns the encoded URL string.
 */
function encode_url($url)
{
    $reserved = array(
        ":" => '!%3A!ui',
        "/" => '!%2F!ui',
        "?" => '!%3F!ui',
        "#" => '!%23!ui',
        "[" => '!%5B!ui',
        "]" => '!%5D!ui',
        "@" => '!%40!ui',
        "!" => '!%21!ui',
        "$" => '!%24!ui',
        "&" => '!%26!ui',
        "'" => '!%27!ui',
        "(" => '!%28!ui',
        ")" => '!%29!ui',
        "*" => '!%2A!ui',
        "+" => '!%2B!ui',
        "," => '!%2C!ui',
        ";" => '!%3B!ui',
        "=" => '!%3D!ui',
        "%" => '!%25!ui',
    );

    $url = rawurlencode($url);
    $url = preg_replace(array_values($reserved), array_keys($reserved), $url);

    return $url;
}

?>