How to Install LAMP with Samba File Sharing

By Michael J. Fuhrman

enetarch.net

<email contact>

Requirements

This tutorial assumes that several systems will be used titled Server, User Desktop (or Client), File Server, and VM Server.  One or more of  these systems can be hosted as VM Guest.

The Web Server will be a Fedora 18 Web Server (no GUI desktop). The Client will be a Fedora 18 with the Mate desktop experience.

The VM environment used in this article is Oracle VM VirtualBox 4.1.22 in Fedora 15. The VM Server will represent the Fedora 15 host running Oracle VM VirtualBox 4.1.22.

Conventions

[value] := is a variable that will be captured by the user as the information Web server is setup and configured.

Command Format := provides the reader with an example of the command and parameters where the command line or file name may be variable.

> := the greater than symbol will preceed any shell command.  If a command generates output, the output will be displayed after the command.

At the [Environment] ... := tells the reader which environment they should be working in for the instructions to follow.  There are three (3) environments in this tutorial: Client, VM Server, Web Server.

Instructions

At the Client ...

Open a shell window and type
>whoami
JohnDoe
save the [UID] shown .. example "JohnDoe" .. this will be used where ever UID is requested.

At the VM Server ...

Download the Fedora 18 network install.

Using Oracles VM VirtualBox create a VM:

 - VM Name = WEBSERVER_DEV
 - OS = Linux
 - Version = Fedora (64 bit)
 - Base Memory Size = 1GB
 - Create new hard disk
 - VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image)
 - Dynamically Allocated
 - Virtual Disk file Size = 20GB

Select Create

Open Settings and set the Network Adapter to Bridge Adapter

Place the IP Address in the General / Description for instance to 192.168.0.250 .

Select Storage

Connect the ISO image as a CD to the VM

Select OK

Start the image from the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager so that you can see the image boot and work with it. 

Suggestion: Avoid remoting to the VM Server since the mouse movements and clicks have to traverse 3 systems.  If possible perform the install at the VM Server until you can ssh into the Web Server.

At the Web Server ...

Install the Fedora 18 network ISO image

Select the Language

Select Next

Select Network Configuration

Select Configure

Select IPv4 Settings

Set Method = Manual

Select Add

Set Address = 192.168.0.250

Set Netmask = 255.255.255.0

Set Gateway = 192.168.0.1

Set DNS Server = 192.168.0.1

Select Save

Select Done

Select Software Selection

Select Minimal Install

Select Done

Select Installation Destination

Select Done

Select Begin Installation

Set the root password

Select Complete

Select Reboot

After Rebooting

Clear CheckBox from Devices | CD | IDE | ISO

Reboot the image

Log in as root

Add a user to the system to allow ssh, http and samba to connecto to the server.

>useradd [UID] 
>passwd [UID]

Add the user to the Web Development Group .. webdevs

>groupadd webdevs
>usermod  -a -G webdevs [UID]

Check the IP Address of the VM 

> ip addr

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: p2p1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state
 UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:17:0c:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.101/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global p2p1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe17:c02/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

save the [Adapter Name] = "p2pl"

save the [IP Address] = 192.168.0.101

If you wish to change the IP Address, execute the following commands.

>cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
>ls -l
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   254 Feb 20 09:53 ifcfg-lo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   330 Jun 13 01:31 ifcfg-p2p1

...

Command Format: vi ifcfg-[Adapter Name]

>vi ifcfg-p2pl
set .. IPADDR0 = 192.168.0.250
confirm .. GATEWAY0 = 192.168.0.1
confirm .. DNS1 = 192.168.0.1
save the changes and exit VI
>service network restart
>ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: p2p1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state
 UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:17:0c:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.250/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global p2p1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe17:c02/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
>route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use
 Iface
default         192.168.0.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0
 p2p1
192.168.0.0     *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0
 p2p1
>ping yahoo.com
PING yahoo.com (98.138.253.109) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from ir1.fp.vip.ne1.yahoo.com (98.138.253.109): icmp_seq=1 ttl=48
 time=79.9 ms

Press Ctrl+C to end the ping command.

At the Client Desktop ...

>ssh [IP Address]
Enter the password for the UID

This confirms that the web server can be connected via ssh.

>exit 

To disconnect from the web server.  The next step will be to restart the web server in a headless state and reconnect to it, to finish the installation.

At the Web Server ...

Shutdown the web server via one of two means .. 

1) send an ACPI Power Down signal

2) issue a shutdown command

>shutdown 

The web server will as headless, and connect via ssh.

At the VM Server ...

Disconnect the ISO image from the VM

Start a terminal client

>VBoxManage vmstart "WEBSERVER_DEV" --type headless

Wait about 2 minutes, then attempt to connect with the client.

If you can't connect to the Web server, issue this command and then restart the VM in the VM Server's desktop to trouble shoot.

>VBoxManage vmcontrol "WEBSERVER_DEV" acpipowerbutton

or

>VBoxManage vmcontrol "WEBSERVER_DEV" poweroff

At the Client Desktop ...

>ssh [IP Address]

Enter the password for the UID

>su

Enter the root user password

Note: see the Resources below for a website on installing Apache, PHP and mySQL in Fedora 18 Linux.

Install mySQL

>yum install mysql mysql-server

... out put truncated ...

>systemctl enable mysqld.server
>service mysqld start
>mysql_secure_installation

... answer mysql questions ...

Enter current password for root (enter for none): [first time install, 

press Enter

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: [example: root]
Re-enter new password: [example: root]
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
Record the root user password for MySQL .. [MySQL root password]

Install Apache

>yum install httpd
>cd /etc/httpd/conf
vi httpd.conf

Locate "Listen 80"

Insert after this line ... 

SetEnv PHP_ENV "DEV" 

... or "QA" or "PROD"

Note: If you intend to build a full Production environment, this environment variable will help you write resuable code that is independent of the server the code is running on, as your PHP code can check this environment variable and determine which settings are appropriate.  Such as which mySQL server to connect with.

Save changes and exit

>systemctl enable httpd.server
>service httpd start
>cd /var/www
>usermod -a -G webdevs apache
>chgrp -R webdevs html
>chmod -R g+w html
>ls -l
drwxrwxr-x. 2 root webdevs 4096 Jun 16 12:38 html
>firewall-cmd --add-service http --permanent
>firewall-cmd --add-service http 

Note: the first firewall-cmd updates the iptables. The second firewall-cmd

opens the power in the current firewall.  If you wish, you can restart

the firewall to test iptables was updated correctly.

>service firewalld restart

At the Client ...

Open a web browser

Browse to 192.168.0.250

Confirm the Apache / Fedora test page appears

At the Web Server ...

Install PHP and its Modules

>yum search php

... produces a list of PHP installs and Modules ...

Choose Wisely young Jedi

>yum install php [and other PHP extensions]
>cd /etc/
>ls -l | grep "php"
...
php.ini
...
>vi php.ini

Set

short open tag = ON
asp tags = ON
display erros = ON
display start up errors = ON

NOTE: see URL below for hints on search in vi

Save changes and exit

>service httpd restart
>cd /var/www/html
>vi info.php

paste the following code:

<?
phpinfo();
?>

Save changes and exit vi

At the Client Desktop ...

Open a web browser

Browse to 192.168.0.250/info.php

Confirm the PHP Info page appears

Confirm PHP_ENV appears under Apache Environment

At the Web Server ...

Install PHP myAdmin

>yum install phpmyadmin
>cd /etc/httpd/conf.d
>ls | grep "php"
>vi phpMyAdmin.conf

edit the Directory XML tag to look as follows:

<Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/>
#   <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
#     # Apache 2.4
#     <RequireAny>
#       Require ip 127.0.0.1
#       Require ip ::1
#     </RequireAny>
#   </IfModule>
#   <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
#     # Apache 2.2
#     Order Deny,Allow
#     Deny from All
#     Allow from 127.0.0.1
#     Allow from ::1
#   </IfModule>
    Require all granted
</Directory>

Save changes and exit vi

>service httpd restart

At the Client Desktop ...

Open a web browser

Browse to 192.168.0.250/phpMyAdmin

Log in to the site with the following

	user name = [MySQL Root]
	user password = [MySQL Root Password]

Confirm phpMyAdmin appears

Create a new database for the website

Select Databases

Set Database = [Database Name]

Select Create

Confirm [Database Name] appears in left column

At the Web Server ...

Install Samba

>yum install samba
>cd /etc/samba
>cp smb.conf smb.conf.org
>vi smb.conf

consolidate the file down to the following lines ...

[global]
	workgroup = [Workgroup]
	server string = Samba Server Version %v
	netbios name = WebServer_Dev
	log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
	max log size = 1000
	security = user
	passdb backend = tdbsam
[www]
	path = /var/www/html
	valid users = [UID]
	read only = no
	writable = yes
	browsable = yes
	create mask = 0777

...

Save changes and exit

>testparm

Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf

rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
Processing section "[www]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE

Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions

[global]
	workgroup = [Workgroup]
	netbios name = WEBSERVER_DEV
	server string = Samba Server Version %v
	log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
	max log size = 1000
	idmap config * : backend = tdb
[www]
	path = /var/www/html
	valid users = [UID]
	read only = No
	create mask = 0777

>setsebool -P samba_domain_controller on
>setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on
>setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on
>systemctl enable smb.service
>service smb start
>pdbedit -a -u [UID]
[Password]
[Re-enter Password]
>firewall-cmd --add-service samba --permanent
>firewall-cmd --add-service samba
>service firewalld restart

At the Client Desktop ...

Start a terminal session

>smbtree

... view the SMB servers that are broadcasting ...

Note: your server may not appear in this list.  Thus you may need to use the [IP Address] to connect to your server

>smbclient //[IP Address]/www
Enter your password
>dir

... info.php .. should appear

NOTE: if you can browse here and list the directory contents of the share. SMB should be working properly.

Start File Explorer

Browse to smb://[IP Address]/

Enter your password

Confirm "WWW" appears

Select "WWW"

Confirm "info.php" appears

Edit info.php 

Save changes and exit

Start a terminal session

>su

enter root password

>cd /mnt
>mkdir WEBSERVER_DEV -p
>chmod o+wr WEBSERVER_DEV
>mount -t cifs //[IP Address]/www /mnt/WEBSERVER_DEV -o 
	user=[UID],password=[PSW],domain=[Workgroup],sec=ntlm,rw,
	uid=[UID] -rw
>cd WEBSERVER_DEV
>ls -L
-rwxrw-rw-.  1 [UID] [UID]      19 Jun 14 20:57 info.php

Confirm "info.php" appears 

Confirm user is your [UID]

Confirm user priviledges are "rwx rw- rw-

user Read Write Execute

group Read Write

Others Read Write

Note: the UID and PSW can be stored in a secure location and referenced in mount.  uid=[UID] tells Linux which user owns the files created through this link.  if uid=[UID] is omitted, then only the root will have ReadWrite access.

There is some debate as to when to initiate the mount command, thus check the web for ways to mount when Linux starts vs when the user logs in.

Start File Explorer

Browse to /mnt/WEBSERVER_DEV

Enter your password

Confirm "info.php" appears

Edit info.php 

Save changes and exit

If you cannot edit or save changes of "info.php" check the permissions  as well. If you don't have permission, then it is possible that the chgrp and chmod commands were not executed on /var/www/html. 

To confirm execute the following commands ...

At the Web Server ...

>cd /var/www/html
>ls -l
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 16 12:38 html

Note: see how the group is set to root, and the group rights are "-RX" this means that chrp and chmod were not executed.

>chgrp -R webdevs html
>chmod -R g+w html
>ls -l
drwxrwxr-x. 2 root webdevs 4096 Jun 16 12:38 html

Note: see how the group has changed to webdevs, and the group rights are wrx.  Now try the client again and see if your permissions have changed and that the info.php file can be editted and saved.

At the Web Server ...

confirm the SMB session

>smbstatus
Samba version 4.0.6
PID     Username      Group         Machine                        
-------------------------------------------------------------------
5827      [UID]       [UID]       192.168.0.110 (ipv4:192.168.0.110:49618)
6348      [UID]       [UID]       192.168.0.110 (ipv4:192.168.0.110:50435)
Service      pid     machine       Connected at
-------------------------------------------------------
www          6348   192.168.0.110  Sat Jun 15 02:01:33 2013
www          5827   192.168.0.110  Fri Jun 14 20:39:55 2013
IPC$         6348   192.168.0.110  Sat Jun 15 02:01:33 2013
No locked files

Lastly .. connect to the file server for archiving files

>mkdir /mnt/FileServer -p
>chmod o+wr FileServer
>mount -t cifs //[IP ADDRESS]/www /mnt/FILESERVER -o 
	user=[UID],password=[PSW],domain=[WORKGROUP],sec=ntlm,rw,
	uid=[UID] -rw
>cd /mnt/FILESERVER
>ls -l

Use cp as needed to move files to and from the file server as needed

>cp /mnt/FILESERVER/www/versions/01 /var/www/html

Resources

Linux and Unix ifconfig command

Installing Apache2 With PHP5 And MySQL Support On Fedora 18 (LAMP)

Setting Apache Environment Variables

FirewallD

What is VI

Fedora Manual Pages for Mount

Samba Server Types and Security Modes

Samba HowTo: Mount a CIFS Network Share [Mapped Drive] in openSUSE

Mount Windows Shares Permanently

SetSEBool - Linux Man Page

Sharing a website

Linux command ls